One of the many consequences of financialization in the past decades has been the significant appreciation
of the importance of financial markets’ liquidity. In order to maintain financial stability, one must have a
clear understanding of the sources of market liquidity (ML).
Others
In December, GKI’S economic sentiment index almost completely offset its November fall
GKI’s economic sentiment index rose sharply in December. It almost reached its October level again, which was much more favourable than the April low, but had been at a fairly low level since the beginning of summer. According to the survey conducted by GKI Economic Research Co. with the support of the EU, the improvement was due to more upbeat business expecta-tions, and the pessimism of all sectors decreased significantly. The consumer confidence index, on the other hand, fell sharply in December after a minimal rise in November. The fact that households are always asked at the beginning of the month and companies in the middle of the month might play a role in the different trends of consumer and business expectations in the last two months. Thus, households did not yet perceive the restrictions caused by the pan-demic in early November, whereas a significant number of companies responded in December with the knowledge of the agreement with the EU.
Fighting against the virus and the rule of law – GKI’s forecast in December 2020
According to the HCSO, economic developments picked up significantly in the third quarter of 2020 compared to the previous one, faster than expected. However, we already know that the fourth quarter will certainly be significantly worse. This is due to the second wave of the pandemic, the dampening effects of restrictive measures on supply and demand, and the impact of all this in deteriorating economic expectations.
GKI’s economic sentiment index did not reach its level of the beginning of this summer in November
GKI’s economic sentiment index fell sharply in November, falling below its level in early summer. According to a survey conducted by GKI Economic Research Co. with the support of the EU, this is a consequence of falling business expectations. The consumer confidence index rose minimally recently, although due to its decline in the previous three months, it also fell short of its June level (within the statistical margin of error). Households were interviewed in early November and companies in mid-November.
Business expectations improved, consumer ones worsened in October
After a two-month decline within the statistical margin of error, GKI’s economic senti-ment index rose slightly in October; however, it still did not reach its July level. According to a survey conducted by GKI Economic Research Co. with the support of the EU, the im-provement in October was the result of more favourable business expectations, and a modest increase followed two months of stagnation. However, consumer expectations have been deteriorating for the fourth month in a row. As a result, GKI’s economic sen-timent index offset almost exactly half of its April fall by October.